Abstract
The breast cancer is currently the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumor among women. Different histological background and the disease’s staging determine various therapeutic approaches. The staging of the disease depends on the histologic and diagnostic assessment’ conclusions, coming from multiple methods used for the breast cancer evaluation. Nuclear medicine imaging, called radioisotope studies seems particularly helpful in the overall breast cancer patients management.
References
[1] World Health Organization. Breast cancer. 2021. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/breast-cancer (accessed 10 January 2022) Google Scholar
[2] Wojciechowska U, Barańska K, Miklewska M, Didkowska JA. Cancer incidence and mortality in Poland in 2020. Nowotwory. Journal of Oncology 2023;73(3):129-145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5603/NJO.2023.0026.
[3] Gucalp A, Traina TA, Eisner JR, Parker JS, Selitsky SR, Park BH, Elias AD, Baskin-Bey ES, Cardoso F. Male breast cancer: a disease distinct from female breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2019 Jan;173(1):37-48. doi: 10.1007/s10549-018-4921-9. Epub 2018 Sep 28. PMID: 30267249; PMCID: PMC7513797.
[4] Katsura C, Ogunmwonyi I, Kankam HK, Saha S. Breast cancer: presentation, investigation and management. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2022 Feb 2;83(2):1-7. doi: 10.12968/hmed.2021.0459. Epub 2022 Feb 7. PMID: 35243878.
[5] Xing P, Wang S, Cao Y, Liu B, Zheng F, Guo W, Huang J, Zhao Z, Yang Z, Lin X, Sang L, Liu Z. Treatment strategies and drug resistance mechanisms in adenocarcinoma of different organs. Drug Resist Updat. 2023 Nov;71:101002. doi: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.101002. Epub 2023 Aug 22. PMID: 37678078.
[6] Arzanova E, Mayrovitz HN. The Epidemiology of Breast Cancer. In: Mayrovitz HN, editor. Breast Cancer [Internet]. Brisbane (AU): Exon Publications; 2022 Aug 6. Chapter 1.
[7] Iqbal N, Iqbal N. Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) in Cancers: Overexpression and Therapeutic Implications. Mol Biol Int. 2014;2014:852748. doi:10.1155/2014/852748
[8] Houghton SC, Hankinson SE. Cancer Progress and Priorities: Breast Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2021 May;30(5):822-844. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-20-1193. PMID: 33947744; PMCID: PMC8104131.
[9] Turkmen, C., Ozkan, Z.G. (2019). Nuclear Medicine in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer. In: Aydiner, A., Igci, A., Soran, A. (eds) Breast Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04606-4_6
[10] Cardoso, F et al. “Early breast cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up†.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology vol. 30,8 (2019): 1194-1220. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdz173
[11] Sharma U, Jagannathan NR. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and MR Spectroscopic Methods in Understanding Breast Cancer Biology and Metabolism. Metabolites. 2022 Mar 27;12(4):295. doi: 10.3390/metabo12040295. PMID: 35448482; PMCID: PMC9030399.
[12] Matuszewski, K., & Romański, P. (2019). Mammografia 3D z tomosyntezą. Kontrola jakości – regulacje prawne i metodyka pomiaru średniej dawki gruczołowej. Letters in Oncology Science, 16(1), 6–12
[13] Ren W, Chen M, Qiao Y, Zhao F. Global guidelines for breast cancer screening: A systematic review. Breast. 2022 Aug;64:85-99. doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2022.04.003. Epub 2022 Apr 19. PMID: 35636342; PMCID: PMC9142711.
[14] Fowler AM, Strigel RM. Clinical advances in PET-MRI for breast cancer. Lancet Oncol. 2022 Jan;23(1):e32-e43. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00577-5. PMID: 34973230; PMCID: PMC9673821.
[15] Cserni G, Chmielik E, Cserni B, Tot T. The new TNM-based staging of breast cancer. Virchows Arch. 2018 May;472(5):697-703. doi: 10.1007/s00428-018-2301-9. Epub 2018 Jan 27. PMID: 29380126.
[16] Jonczyk MM, Jean J, Graham R, Chatterjee A. Surgical trends in breast cancer: a rise in novel operative treatment options over a 12 year analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2019 Jan;173(2):267-274. doi: 10.1007/s10549-018-5018-1. Epub 2018 Oct 25. PMID: 30361873; PMCID: PMC6486837.
[17] Caresia Aroztegui AP, García Vicente AM, Alvarez Ruiz S, et al. 18F-FDG PET/CT in breast cancer: Evidence-based recommendations in initial staging. Tumour Biol. 2017;39(10):1010428317728285. doi:10.1177/1010428317728285
[18] Robson, Nicole and Dinesh Kumar Thekkinkattil. “Current Role and Future Prospects of Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/Computed Tomography (CT) in the Management of Breast Cancer.” Medicina 60 (2024): n. pag.
[19] Zając, R., Radzińska, P., Pietrzak, A. K., Wiecheć, K., Żurawski, J., & Cholewiński, W. (2019). Użyteczność metod radioizotopowych w leczeniu przerzutów nowotworowych do układu kostnego – przegląd metod. Listy z Onkologii Naukowej, 15(4), 126–133. https://doi.org/10.21641/los.15.4.99
[20] Vaz SC, Oliveira C, Teixeira R, Arias-Bouda LMP, Cardoso MJ, de Geus-Oei LF. The current role of nuclear medicine in breast cancer. Br J Radiol. 2023;96(1149):20221153. doi:10.1259/bjr.20221153
[21] Piccardo A, Fiz F, Treglia G, Bottoni G, Trimboli P. Head-to-Head Comparison between 18F-FES PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT in Oestrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2022;11(7):1919. Published 2022 Mar 30. doi:10.3390/jcm11071919
[22] Katal S, McKay MJ, Taubman K. PET Molecular Imaging in Breast Cancer: Current Applications and Future Perspectives. J Clin Med. 2024 Jun 13;13(12):3459. doi: 10.3390/jcm13123459. PMID: 38929989; PMCID: PMC11205053.
[23] O’Brien, S.R., Edmonds, C.E., Katz, D. et al. 18F-Fluoroestradiol (FES) PET/CT: review of current practice and future directions. Clin Transl Imaging 10, 331–341 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40336-022-00494-9
[24] Sahin E, Kus T, Aytekin A, et al. 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT as an Alternative to 18F-FDG PET/CT in the Imaging of Invasive Lobular Breast Carcinoma. J Nucl Med. 2024;65(4):512-519. Published 2024 Apr 1. doi:10.2967/jnumed.123.266798
[25] Chandekar KR, Prashanth A, Vinjamuri S, Kumar R. FAPI PET/CT Imaging-An Updated Review. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023 Jun 9;13(12):2018. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13122018. PMID: 37370912; PMCID: PMC10297281.
[26] Kuten J, Fahoum I, Savin Z, et al. Head-to-Head Comparison of 68Ga-PSMA-11 with 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT in Staging Prostate Cancer Using Histopathology and Immunohistochemical Analysis as a Reference Standard. J Nucl Med. 2020;61(4):527-532. doi:10.2967/jnumed.119.234187
[27] Cook GJR. Imaging of Bone Metastases in Breast Cancer. Semin Nucl Med. 2022;52(5):531-541. doi:10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.01.005
[28] Heindel W, Gübitz R, Vieth V, Weckesser M, Schober O, Schäfers M. The diagnostic imaging of bone metastases. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2014 Oct 31;111(44):741-7. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2014.0741. PMID: 25412631; PMCID: PMC4239579.
[29] Pesapane F, Mariano L, Magnoni F, et al. Future Directions in the Assessment of Axillary Lymph Nodes in Patients with Breast Cancer. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023;59(9):1544. Published 2023 Aug 25. doi:10.3390/medicina59091544
[30] Ricart Selma V, González Noguera PJ, Camps Herrero J, Martínez Rubio C, Lloret Martí MT, Torregrosa Andrés A. Localización ecodirigida del cáncer de mama no palpable y del ganglio centinela con 99mtecnecio-coloide de albúmina [US-guided localization of non-palpable breast cancer and sentinel node using 99mTechnetium-albumin colloid]. Radiologia. 2007;49(5):329-334. doi:10.1016/s0033-8338(07)73787-6
[31] Whitman GJ, AlHalawani RH, Karbasian N, Krishnamurthy R. Sentinel Lymph Node Evaluation: What the Radiologist Needs to Know. Diagnostics (Basel). 2019;9(1):12. Published 2019 Jan 17. doi:10.3390/diagnostics9010012
[32] Li P, Sun D. Advanced diagnostic imaging of sentinel lymph node in early stage breast cancer. J Clin Ultrasound. 2022 Mar;50(3):415-421. doi: 10.1002/jcu.23151. Epub 2022 Jan 29. PMID: 35092313; PMCID: PMC9303781.
[33] Salkica N, Begic A, Zubovic S, Ceric S, Basic A, Sehic A, Julardzija F, Tinjak E. Impact of Reduced Acquisition Time on Bone Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography Images in Oncology Patients. Acta Inform Med. 2022 Mar;30(1):36-40. doi: 10.5455/aim.2022.30.36-40. PMID: 35800906; PMCID: PMC9226760.
[34] Vidal-Sicart S, Rioja ME, Prieto A, Goñi E, Gómez I, Albala MD, Lumbreras L, León LF, Gómez JR, Campos F. Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer with 99mTc-Tilmanocept: A Multicenter Study on Real-Life Use of a Novel Tracer. J Nucl Med. 2021 May 10;62(5):620-627. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.120.252064. Epub 2020 Oct 9. PMID: 33037087.
[35] Metelerkamp Cappenberg, T., De Schepper, S., Vangestel, C. et al. First-in-human study of a novel cell death tracer [99mTc]Tc-Duramycin: safety, biodistribution and radiation dosimetry in healthy volunteers. EJNMMI radiopharm. chem. 8, 20 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41181-023-00207-1
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 Letters in Oncology Science