Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Despite significant advances in detection and treatment, its molecular heterogeneity poses challenges in achieving accurate diagnosis and personalized therapies. Traditional diagnostic methods, based primarily on histopathology and genomics, fail to capture the full complexity of the disease. In response, multi-omics approaches, integrating genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, are emerging as powerful tools for comprehensive cancer profiling. These advanced methodologies enable the identification of novel biomarkers, improve diagnostic accuracy, and facilitate patient stratification for tailored treatments. This review explores the role of multi-omics in breast cancer diagnosis, emphasizing recent technological advancements and key findings that enhance early detection, prognosis, and treatment strategies. By providing a more complete molecular picture, multi-omics is paving the way for precision medicine, offering the potential for more effective and personalized breast cancer therapies.
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