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Abstrakt
Nowotwory głowy i szyi (HNC, ang. head and neck cancer) stanowią obecnie szóstą najczęściej występującą chorobę nowotworową na Świecie. Każdego roku diagnozuje się ponad pół miliona nowych przypadków zachorowań. Ze względu na dużą różnorodność genetyczną i histologiczną nowotworów głowy i szyi, ich patogeneza opiera się na wielu złożonych procesach obejmujących akumulację zmian zarówno genetycznych, jak i epigenetycznych. Modyfikacje epigenetyczne występujące w nowotworach głowy i szyi obejmują metylację DNA, modyfikacje histonów, aktywność niekodujących RNA oraz metylację RNA. Niektóre zmiany epigenetyczne promują powstawanie i rozwój raka poprzez kontrolowanie mechanizmów ekspresji wielu genów kluczowych dla procesu kancerogenezy. W związku z tym modyfikacje te mogą być wykorzystane jako biomarkery diagnostyczne pacjentów onkologicznych oraz stanowić cele ukierunkowanych terapii przeciwnowotworowych.
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