Keywords
embrionalne komórki macierzyste
proces reprogramowania
medycyna regeneracyjna
czynniki reprogramujące
How to Cite
Abstract
Historia badań nad komórkami macierzystymi (embryonic stem cells, ES) sięga początków XX wieku. Już wtedy obserwowano komórki, które w organizmie myszy tworzyły specyficzny, wysoce zróżnicowany guz nowotworowy - potworniak. Jednakże dopiero druga połowa XX wieku przyniosła znaczący postęp w badaniach, co zaowocowało uzyskaniem pierwszych linii komórek macierzystych w hodowli in vitro. Poznanie cech charakterystycznych i potencjału komórek ES wzbudziło ogromne nadzieje na wykorzystanie komórek macierzystych nie tylko w badaniach podstawowych, ale przede wszystkim w nowo rozwijającej się gałęzi medycyny – medycynie regeneracyjnej. Jednakże ze względu na etyczne kwestie związane ze sposobem pozyskiwania komórek ES, badania tego typu nie miały większych szans na powodzenie. Przełom nastąpił w 2006 roku, po opracowaniu metody uzyskiwania indukowalnych komórek pluripotentnych (induced pluripotent stem cells, iPSC) na drodze reprogramowania komórek somatycznych. Komórki iPS posiadają wszystkie zalety komórek ES, jednakże ich pozyskiwanie nie jest obarczone restrykcjami prawnymi i etycznym. Daje to nadzieję na szybki postęp badań z zakresu medycyny regeneracyjnej i terapii komórkowej, zwłaszcza w przypadku chorób dotychczas uznawanych za nieuleczalne.
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